certiorari writ and ground of issuing certiorari writ

www.lawyerguruji.com

Writ of Certiorari.

Writ of certiorari bhartiya sanvidhan dwara pradan kiya gya ek sancedhanik upchar hai jo fundamental right ke under ata hai. Yadi kisi bhi vyakti ke adhikaro ka ya uske sath koi prashnik (Administrative) anyay hota hai to vah is is Writ ke madhayam se upchar pa sakta hai.

Bhartiya Sanvidhan ke Article 32  Aur 226 ke anusar is Writ ko court me dayar ki ja sakti hai.

Writ of certiorari kya hai ?

Writ if certiorari sanvidhan dwara pradan ek sanvedhanik upchar hai jo uchhtam nyayalaya (Supreme Court) ya uchh nyayalaya (High Court) dwara jari ki jati hai. Is Writ ka udeshya kisi nyayalaya (Court) dwara uske adhinsath nyayalaya ya nyayadhikaran ya prashasnik nikay se abhilekh (Documents) parikshan ke liye mangna aur satyapit karna hota hai. Jisme ki vah sunishchit ho sake ki ve sab apne kshetraadhikar me rahkar karya kar rhe hai aur vidhi dwara nirdharit shima ka ullanghan nahi kar rahe hai.

Writ of Certiorari kiske khilaf jari ki jati sakti hai?

1. Writ of Certiorari ek aisi yachika hai jo ki kewal nyayik (Judicial) aur  Ardh Nyayik (Quasi- Judicial) nikayo ke khilaf hi jari ki ja sakti hai.
2. Yah yachika kewal un prashaasnik adhikariyo ke khilaf jari ki ja sakti hai to jo Nyayik (Judicial) aur Ardh Nyayik (Quasi -judicial) karya karte hai.
3. Yah yachika, kisi ministerial adesh ko hatane ke liye jari ki ja sakti hai ya use radd (reject) karne ke liye jari ki ja sakti hai .
4. Karyapalika ya Prashaasnik adhikariyo ke karyo ko hatane aur radd (reject) karne ke liye bhi jari ki ja sakti hai.

 Certiorari Writ jari karne ke aadhaar (Grounds for Issuing Writ of Certiorari).

Uchchtam Nyayalya (Supreme Court) apne adhinasth nayalaya ya nyayik nikayo ke nirnay ( decision) ke khilaf nimnlikhit adharo par certiorari writ ko jari kar sakti hai .

1. kshetra-adhikar ki galti.( Error of Jurisdiction).
2. Naisargik nyay ke shidhanto ka ullanghan. ( Violation of Principles of Natural Justices.
3. Kapat (Fraud).
4. Abhilekh me vidhi ki galti. (Error of Law apparent on the fact of record).

 1.kshetra-adhikar ki galti.( Error of Jurisdiction).

Kshetra adhikar ki galti nimnlikhit sthiti me kahi jayegi:-

(a).Adhikarita ka abhav ( Want of Jurisdiction).

Yadi feshla (Decision) karne wale pradhikari ne aise khestra -adhikar ka prayog karte huye nirnay (decision) kiya hai jo adhikar use prapt nahi tha to vah decison adhikaritaviheen decision kaha jayega aur us decision ko radd karne ke liye decision karne wale nikay ke khilaf certiorari writ jari karne ka mukhya adahr hoga.

(b). Khestra adhikar ke bahar (Excess of Jurisdiction).

Jahan kisi pradhikari ke pass adhikarita to hai lekin vah apne adhikar ki shima ka ullanghan karke kisi karya ko karta hai ya usne aisa koi karya kiya hai to aise paristhiti me us pradhikari ke nirnay (decision) ke khilaf Certiorari writ jari ki ja sakti hai.

(c). khestra adhikar ka durupyog ( Misuse of Jurisdiction).

Yadi nirnay dene wala pradhikari apni shaktiyo ka anuchit prayog karta hai, ya durbhanva se karta hai ya tark virudh ya asangat adharo par nirnay (decision) karta hai to yah kaha jayega ki usne apni shakti ka durupyog kiya hai.

2. Naisargik nyay ke shidhanto ka ullanghan. ( Violation of Principles of Natural Justices).

Yadi pradhikari kw dwara naisargik nyay ki avhelna karke koi nirnay diya jata hai to us adhikari ke nirnay ke khilaf yah writ jari ki aj sakti hai .

Naisargik nyay ke siddhaant  jo kis kuch ius parkar ke hai jiase:-

1. Koi bhi vyakti apne hi mamle me nyayadish nahi ban sakta hai .( No man shall be a judge his own case).
2. Jo sunvai karega vahi nirnay dega.( One who hears must decide.0
3. Prati parikshan ( Cross examination) karne ka adhikar.
4. Koi vyakti bina sune doshi nahi tahraya jayega.( No body should be condemend unheard).

3. Kapat (Fraud).

Yadi nyayalaya ko is adhar par ki nyayadhikaran ka nirnay ( decision) kapat (fraud) se prapt kar liya gya hai to certiorari writ jari karne ka purn adhikar hai . yadi vasatv me yah sidh ho jaye ki koi nirnay ( decision) nyayadhikaran ne kapat ka shikar ho kar diya hai to vah certiorari writ ke dwara radd (reject) kiya ja sakta hai . 

Abhi tak bharat me prashaasnik vidhi ke itihas (history) me aisa koi udaharan (example) aj tak prapt nahi hua hai.

 4.Abhilekh ke tathya par vidhi ki galti spasth hai. (Error of Law apparent on the fact of record).

Yadi kisi pradhikari dwara kisi nirnay me vidhik bhool ( mistake of law) ya swayam fiashle ke nirnay ki galti bhi certioarari writ jari kiye jane ki adhar ho sakti hai. lekin aisi galti ka prakat hona jaruri hai, jo karyavahiyo se hi prakat ho. 

Certiorari writ jari karne wala nyayalaya supervisory jurisdiction ka prayog karte hue karya karta hai, n ki appealiya (Appellate) khestra adhikaro ka upyog kate hue karya karta hai.

Uchchtam nyayalaya (Supreme Court ) is writ ke adhikar se adhinasth nyayalayo ke nirnay ( decision) ke  stahn par apna nirnay nahi prastavit (Established) nahi kar sakti hai aur n hi unke palan ke liye koi nirdesh ( order) de sakti hai. Supreme Court kewal adhinasth nyayalaya ke nirnay ko nirast kar sakta hai. jise vah khestra adhikar rahit ya shidha galat samjhta hai.